White Collar Crimes
White-collar crimes typically involve accusations of fraud or theft by a person of high social status committed during their employment while motivated by greed. Prosecutors have an arsenal of federal laws that allow them to go after people accused of white collar crimes, including:
- the Money Laundering Control Act;
- the Continuing Criminal Enterprise or CCE statute;
- the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO); and
- firearms statutes.
The biggest issues in white-collar crime cases often revolve around property seizure and asset forfeiture proceedings in state or federal court.
If you have been accused of a white-collar crime, seek the services of a criminal defense attorney before making any statements about the facts of the case to any law enforcement officer or other person investigating a criminal accusation.
Many fraud investigations at the state level are conducted by local law enforcement agencies or detectives with the Department of Financial Services, Division of Investigative & Forensic Services.
Our attorneys are familiar with these types of cases. Before talking to a detective, seek a criminal defense attorney who can help you during every investigation phase.
Attorney for White Collar Crimes in Tampa, FL
At Sammis Law Firm, our criminal defense attorneys represent individuals charged with white-collar crimes throughout the Tampa Bay area, including Hillsborough County, Pinellas County, Polk County, Pasco County, Hernando County, Manatee County, and the surrounding areas.
The attorneys at the Sammis Law Firm in Tampa, FL, have represented many professional individuals, including business owners, doctors, accountants, lawyers, and real estate professionals, in various serious white-collar crime accusations. Regarding corporate criminal liability, we represent individuals, operating employees and managers, and corporations.
Defending individuals charged with white collar crimes requires knowledge of complex transactional procedures and financial information. Those crimes might include money laundering, theft, bribery, embezzlement, forgery, fraud, insurance fraud, mortgage fraud, health care fraud, or computer crimes.
For many white-collar crime accusations in Florida, we rely on some of the top financial expert witnesses, investigators, and forensic accountants in Tampa, FL, to give our clients the best chance of winning at trial or negotiating the best possible disposition before trial.
Contact us to discuss criminal accusations during a confidential consultation.
Call 813-250-0500.
Overview of White Collar Crimes in Florida
- Types of White Collar Crimes in Florida
- Protecting the Lower Level Participant
- Definition of White Collar Crimes in Florida
- Definition of Aggravated White Collar Crime in Florida
- Restitution in White Collar Crime Cases
- How Many Convictions Occur in Florida for White Collar Crimes?
- White Color Crime for Exploitation of the Elderly
- Additional Resources
Types of White Collar Crimes in Florida
This article discusses the different kinds of crimes classified as white-collar crimes and the best defenses that apply to these types of charges. We represent clients in the following types of white-collar crimes:
Bribery – § 838.015, Fla. Stat – Bribery occurs when a person corruptly gives, offers, or promises to any public servant, or a public servant solicits, requests, accepts, or agrees to accept, any unauthorized benefit to influence the performance of any official act or omission.
Cybercrimes – § 815.06, Fla. Stat – A cybercrime occurs when a person knowingly, and without authorization, accesses, disrupts, tampers with, or damages a computer, computer system, network, or electronic device, or introduces a computer contaminant, causing harm or obtaining information or resources unlawfully.
Deceptive Marketing / Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices – § 501.204, Fla. Stat – Deceptive marketing occurs when a person engages in unfair methods of competition or unconscionable, deceptive, or unfair acts or practices in the conduct of trade or commerce, including false advertising or misrepresentation, with the intent to mislead consumers.
Extortion – § 836.05, Fla. Stat – Extortion occurs when a person maliciously threatens to accuse another of a crime, injure another’s person, property, or reputation, or expose a secret, with the intent to extort money, pecuniary advantage, or compel another to act against their will.
Exploitation of the Elderly or Disabled – § 825.103, Fla. Stat – Exploitation of the elderly occurs when a person knowingly, by deception or intimidation, obtains or uses an elderly or disabled adult’s funds, assets, or property with the intent to deprive them of the use, benefit, or possession of their property, or to benefit someone other than the elderly person.
Forgery – § 831.01, Fla. Stat – Forgery occurs when a person falsely makes, alters, forges, or counterfeits a public record, certificate, legal document, or other writing with the intent to injure or defraud another.
Money Laundering – § 896.101, Fla. Stat – Money laundering occurs when a person knowingly conducts or attempts to conduct a financial transaction involving proceeds of unlawful activity, with the intent to conceal, disguise, or promote the illegal nature, source, or ownership of those proceeds.
Identity Theft – § 817.568, Fla. Stat – Identity theft occurs when a person willfully and without authorization uses or possesses another individual’s personal identification information with the intent to fraudulently obtain goods, services, money, property, or to cause harm.
Intercepts of Communication / Wiretapping – § 934.03, Fla. Stat – Illegal interception occurs when a person intentionally intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures another to intercept any wire, oral, or electronic communication without lawful authority or consent, except as specifically authorized by statute.
Notary Misconduct – § 117.107, Fla. Stat – Notary misconduct occurs when a notary public willfully violates their statutory duties, such as improperly notarizing a document, failing to verify identity, using their office for unlawful gain, or otherwise acting outside their legal authority.
Perjury – §§ 837.02, 837.05, Fla. Stat – Perjury occurs when a person, under oath in an official proceeding, knowingly makes a false statement about a material matter, or when a person outside a proceeding makes false statements in a sworn document, with knowledge of its falsity.
Unlicensed Contracting – § 489.127, Fla. Stat – Unlicensed contracting occurs when a person engages in or offers to engage in contracting work that requires a license under Florida law, without having first obtained and maintained such license.
Unlicensed Radio Transmission – § 877.27, Fla. Stat – Unlicensed radio transmission occurs when a person knowingly makes, or causes to be made, any radio transmission on frequencies assigned to and licensed by the Federal Communications Commission without authorization.
Unlicensed Activity Citation – § 455.228, Fla. Stat – An unlicensed activity citation may be issued when a person engages in or offers to engage in a profession or occupation that requires a state license, without being duly licensed, and such conduct is identified by the Department of Business and Professional Regulation.
Fraud (General) – Chapter 817, Fla. Stat – Fraud occurs when a person knowingly and willfully makes false representations, promises, or statements, or engages in schemes to defraud another, with the intent to obtain property, money, or other benefits unlawfully.
Conspiracy to Commit Fraud – § 777.04, Fla. Stat – Conspiracy to commit fraud occurs when two or more persons agree to engage in such fraudulent conduct and one or more of them commits an act in furtherance of the agreement.
Scheme to Defraud – § 817.034(4)(a), Fla. Stat – A scheme to defraud occurs when a person engages in a systematic, ongoing course of conduct with intent to defraud one or more persons, or to obtain property by false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises, and does so through communications or acts directed at the victims.
Employee Theft or Embezzlement – § 812.014, Fla. Stat – Employee theft or embezzlement occurs when a person, in a position of trust or employment, knowingly obtains or uses, or attempts to obtain or use, the property of their employer with the intent to temporarily or permanently deprive the employer of a right to the property or appropriate it to personal use.
Credit Card Fraud – § 817.61, Fla. Stat – Credit card fraud occurs when a person knowingly uses, forges, counterfeits, alters, or unlawfully possesses a credit card, debit card, or related payment instrument, with intent to defraud another of money, goods, services, or property.
Securities Fraud – § 517.301, Fla. Stat – Securities fraud occurs when a person, in connection with the offer, sale, or purchase of a security, willfully makes a materially false statement, omits a material fact, or engages in fraudulent practices that operate as a deceit upon another person.
Bank Fraud – § 655.0322, Fla. Stat (and federal law) – Bank fraud occurs when a person knowingly executes or attempts to execute a scheme to defraud a financial institution, or to obtain money, funds, assets, or property under the custody of a financial institution by means of false pretenses, representations, or promises.
Insurance Fraud – § 817.234, Fla. Stat – Insurance fraud occurs when a person knowingly presents or prepares any false, incomplete, or misleading statement in support of a claim or application for insurance coverage or benefits, with intent to injure, defraud, or deceive an insurer.
Mortgage Fraud – § 817.545, Fla. Stat – Mortgage fraud occurs when a person knowingly makes any material misstatement, misrepresentation, or omission during the mortgage lending process, with the intent that it be relied upon by a lender, borrower, or underwriter, for the purpose of obtaining a loan or influencing a mortgage transaction.
Health Care Fraud – § 456.0635, Fla. Stat (and Ch. 817 provisions) – Health care fraud occurs when a person knowingly makes a false statement, misrepresentation, or submits fraudulent claims in connection with the delivery of health care services or benefits, with the intent to obtain payment, property, or services not lawfully due.
Protecting the Lower Level Participant
The typical white-collar crime involves a sophisticated and complex scheme involving specialized or technical knowledge. These actions are often hidden among other legitimate behavior. The crimes are often not detected because the victims are diffused among a larger group of people.
The criminal scheme mastermind often relies on lower-level employees to carry out the dirty work. Without the proper criminal defense representation, the lower-level participant may face the same type of prosecution, penalties, and punishment as the plan’s mastermind.
Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act (RICO) crimes and conspiracy to commit RICO charges set out blanket rules for assigning blame in white-collar cases, which are often irrational or unjust given the facts of a particular case.
Many people charged with white-collar crimes are respected in their community. White-collar crime often begins because of an individual’s personal or professional financial difficulties, often as a temporary way to escape financial difficulty through fraudulent means.
Definition of White Collar Crimes in Florida
The term “white collar crimes” generally refers to financial crimes. Florida law also provides for a specific charge related to white collar crimes committed violating section 775.0844, Florida Statutes.
The White Collar Crime Victim Protection Act, Florida Statutes section 775.0844, addresses “white collar crime,” which includes a variety of offenses by which victims “are deceived and cheated by criminals who commit nonviolent frauds and swindles, frequently through the use of the Internet and other electronic technology and frequently causing the loss of substantial amounts of property.” § 775.0844(2), Fla. Stat.
A violation of Florida’s white collar crime statute requires proof of fraudulent conduct. See State v. Rubio, 917 So. 2d 383 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 5th Dist. 2005), decision aff’d in part, rev’d in part on other grounds, 967 So. 2d 768 (Fla. 2007), as revised on denial of reh’g, (Oct. 18, 2007).
The legislative intent in adopting the white collar crime statute was to “enhance sanctions imputed for nonviolent frauds and swindles, protect the public’s property, and assist in prosecuting white collar criminals.” § 775.0844(2).
The white collar crime statute is centered on prosecuting individuals who engage in a pattern of committing felony offenses involving fraud and deceit. See § 775.0844(4). The definition of white collar crime can be found in Florida Statute Section 775.0844. It provides:
(3) As used in this section, “white collar crime” means:
(a) The commission of, or a conspiracy to commit, any felony offense specified in:
1. Chapter 560, relating to the Money Transmitters’ Code.
2. Chapter 812, relating to theft, robbery, and related crimes.
3. Chapter 815, relating to computer-related crimes.
4. Chapter 817, relating to fraudulent practices.
5. Chapter 825, relating to abuse, neglect, and exploitation of elderly persons and disabled adults.
6. Chapter 831, relating to forgery and counterfeiting.
7. Chapter 832, relating to the issuance of worthless checks and drafts.
8. Chapter 838, relating to bribery and misuse of public office.
9. Chapter 839, relating to offenses by public officers and employees.
10. Chapter 895, relating to offenses concerning racketeering and illegal debts.
11. Chapter 896, relating to offenses related to financial transactions.
(b) A felony offense that is committed with intent to defraud or that involves a conspiracy to defraud.
(c) A felony offense that is committed with intent to temporarily or permanently deprive a person of his or her property or that involves a conspiracy to temporarily or permanently deprive a person of his or her property.
(d) A felony offense that involves or results in the commission of fraud or deceit upon a person or that involves a conspiracy to commit fraud or deceit upon a person.
Definition of Aggravated White Collar Crime in Florida
Subsections (4) and (5) of section 775.0844 define the term “aggravated white collar crime,” providing as follows:
(4) As used in this section, “aggravated white collar crime” means engaging in at least two white collar crimes [described in (3) ] that have the same or similar intents, results, accomplices, victims, or methods of commission, or that are otherwise interrelated by distinguishing characteristics and are not isolated incidents, provided that at least one of such crimes occurred after the effective date of this act.
(5) Any person who commits an aggravated white collar crime as defined in this section and in so doing either:
(a) Victimizes 10 or more elderly persons, as defined in s. 825.101(5);
(b) Victimizes 20 or more persons, as defined in s. 1.01; or
(c) Victimizes the State of Florida, any state agency, any of the state’s political subdivisions, or any agency of the state’s political subdivisions, and thereby obtains or attempts to obtain $50,000 or more, commits a felony of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
§ 775.0844(4)–(5), Fla. Stat.
Convictions for aggravated white-collar crimes, which are charged as first-degree felony and level nine offenses, come with serious penalties. As a level nine offense, an aggravated white collar crime is punishable by at least 48 months in prison for a first offense. A conviction might also require a fine of either $500,000 or double the value of the pecuniary gain or loss, whichever is greater.
Depending on the circumstances, even the Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act (RICO) crimes or conspiracy to commit RICO crimes might be considered a white collar crime.
Restitution in White Collar Crime Cases
After a conviction for aggravated white collar crime, the defendant is liable for all court costs and shall pay restitution to each victim, regardless of whether the victim is named in the charging document, information, or indictment.
“Victim” means a person directly and approximately harmed as a result of the commission of the offense for which restitution may be ordered, including any person directly harmed by the defendant’s criminal conduct during the commission of the aggravated white collar crime.
The court must hold a restitution hearing to determine the identity of qualifying victims and shall order the defendant to pay restitution based on his or her ability to pay.
How Many Convictions Occur in Florida for White Collar Crimes?
In the fiscal year 2018-19, the Florida Department of Corrections reported only four (4) white-collar crime convictions. On the other hand, the DOC reported more than 60,000 other types of white-collar crime convictions during the same period, including:
- 45,328 convictions for Theft, robbery, and related crimes (ch. 812, F.S.)
- 8,253 convictions for Fraudulent practices (ch. 817, F.S.)
- 5,315 convictions for Forgery and counterfeiting (ch. 831, F.S.)
- 570 convictions for Issuance of worthless checks and drafts (ch. 832, F.S.)
- 301 convictions for Abuse, neglect, and exploitation of elderly persons and disabled adults (ch. 825, F.S.)
- 224 convictions for Offenses concerning racketeering and illegal debts (ch. 895, F.S.)
- 205 convictions for Bribery and misuse of public office (ch. 838, F.S.)
- 93 convictions for Offenses related to financial transactions (ch. 896, F.S.)
- 63 convictions for Computer-related crimes (ch. 815, F.S.)
- 18 convictions for Offense Convictions Money services businesses offenses (ch. 560, F.S.)
- 14 convictions for Offenses by public officers and employees (ch. 839, F.S.)
White Color Crime for Exploitation of the Elderly
Florida law provides enhanced penalties under the White Collar Crime Victim Protection Act. See Section 775.0844, F.S.
In this context, “white collar crime” includes the commission of, or a conspiracy to commit, any felony offense specified in ch. 825, F.S., felony theft offenses under ch. 812, F.S., and various felony theft and fraud offenses. See Section 775.0844(3)(a)2., 4., 5., and 11., and (b)-(d), F.S.
A person commits an “aggravated white collar crime” if the person engages in at least two white collar crimes that have the same or similar intents, results, accomplices, victims, or methods of commission or that are otherwise interrelated by distinguishing characteristics and are not isolated incidents, provided that at least one of such crimes occurred after the effective date of this act. See Section 775.0844(4), F.S.
Crimes for exploiting the elderly are particularly harsh. Any person who commits an aggravated white collar crime and, in so doing, victimizes ten (10) or more elderly persons, as defined in Section 825.101, F.S., and thereby obtains or attempts to obtain $50,000 or more, commits a Level 9 first degree felony.
The penalties for such an offense include a fine of $500,000 or double the value of the pecuniary gain or loss, whichever is greater. Section 775.0844(5), F.S. In addition to the fine, the person is liable for all court costs and must pay restitution to each victim of the crime. Section 775.0844(7), F.S.
Additional Resources
Florida Office of Statewide Prosecution (OSP)– The Office of Statewide Prosecution (OSP) in Florida was created in 1986 by the voters of Florida through a Constitutional Amendment to the state constitution. Many white-collar crimes in Florida are prosecuted by the OSP, which oversees organized crime cases that cover several different circuits throughout Florida, so the cases are not frustrated by judicial or geographic boundaries.
Statewide Prosecutor – Tampa Office Chief Assistant: Thomas Smith Concourse Center 4 3507 Frontage Road, Suite 200 Tampa, FL 33607 (813) 287-7960 Fax (813) 281-5520
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) – The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) was established in by the US Department of Treasury to provide intelligence to support the investigation and prosecution of money laundering and other financial crimes. Money laundering involves disguising financial assets as coming from a legal source so they can be used without detecting the illegal activity that produced them.
Information from the FBI about Federal White Collar Crimes– FBI provides information on white-collar crimes such as antitrust, bankruptcy fraud, corporate and securities fraud, health care fraud, identity theft, insurance fraud, money laundering, mortgage fraud, and telemarketing fraud.
White Collar Crime Schemes – List of different types of white collar crime schemes along with an explanation of the offenses from the National Check Fraud Center, including Bank Fraud, Blackmail, Bribery, Cellular Phone Fraud, Computer Fraud, Counterfeiting, Credit Card Fraud, Currency Schemes, Embezzlement, Environmental Schemes, Extortion, Forgery, Health Care Fraud, Insider Trading, Insurance Fraud, Investment Schemes, Kickback, Money Laundering, Racketeering, and Tax Evasion.
National White Collar Crime Center (NW3C) – Non-profit organization dedicated to helping and encouraging law enforcement investigations and prosecutions of high-tech, economic, and white collar crimes.
White Collar Crime Unit—The American Prosecutors Research Institute’s White Collar Crime Unit supports technical assistance and training for prosecutors in white-collar crimes, including cybercrime, internet fraud, telemarketing fraud, and other white-collar crime scams.
Florida Attorney Defending Those Accused of White Collar Crimes
If you are being investigated for a white-collar crime, contact an experienced criminal defense attorney at the Sammis Law Firm in Tampa. We help clients who are being investigated for insurance fraud or another type of white-collar crime by a detective with the Department of Financial Services, Division of Investigative & Forensic Services, out of the Tampa Office.
If you are contacted by a law enforcement officer with a local police department, sheriff’s office, or government agency at the state or federal level about fraud, then contact us before making a statement.
We can represent you at every case stage, beginning when you are first contacted about the accusation. The attorneys at the Sammis Law Firm represent individuals charged with serious felony offenses, including theft, fraud, and embezzlement.
Call (813) 250-0500 for a free, confidential consultation today to discuss the particular facts of your case and the things you need to do today to protect yourself.
This article was updated on Wednesday, September 18, 2024.
